Foot
and Mouth Disease (FMD) and its Vaccination
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
(hoof-and-mouth disease) is a serious, extremely contagious viral disease which
can sometimes be fatal. This disease affects swine and cattle along with goats,
sheep and many other cloven-hoofed ruminants.Also, the entire species of
antelope and deer in addition to giraffe and elephants are vulnerable and prone
to FMD.The virus results in high fever for nearly two to six days accompanied
by blisters inside the mouth and on the feet which might rupture further and
lead to lameness.Foot
and Mouth Disease has some excessive implications for animal farming, owing
to it supremely infectious nature and the fact that it can spread easily by
infected animals via aerosols, when any kind of farming equipment, vehicles,
clothing, and by domestic and wild predators comes in contact. Vaccines are
used to generate or stimulate strong immunity against a specific disease.Foot
and Mouth Disease vaccines are formulations that are put together and are safe,
pure and quite effective, and are readily available to the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA) through the North American Foot and Mouth
Vaccine Bank.
In a prone population, diseases
and illnesses are almost 100%. Rigorously nurtured animals are more vulnerable
to the disease as compared to the traditional breeds. FMD is categorised by
fever and blister sores in the mouth, on lips and tongue, on the mammilla and
also inbetween the hooves.According to study on Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccines
market, there are seven different types and more than 60 subtypes of FMD virus,
and there is no known vaccine against it. The vaccines meant for FMD are
supposed to match the type and subtype that is present in the affected area.
The FMD vaccine protects the animal from developing any type of clinical signs
of disease, however might not shield the animals from the infection.Studies
which are solely present to assess FMD vaccines for their capability to lessen
transmission in groups of animals can be executed in the field and/or under
experimental conditions.At the time of an epidemic, the primary objective of
the vaccination is to eradicate the virus from the entire population.
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